Enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and phenolic profiles of the methanol extract of Gelasia sericea an endemic species

İmdat AYGÜL; Osman AKMEŞE; Abdurrahman SEFALI; Cemalettin BALTACI; Mehmet ÖZ; Muhammed Said FIDAN

doi:10.15835/nbha53414819

Authors

İmdat AYGÜL Gümüshane University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gumushanevi Campus, Baglarbasi Neighborhood, Gümüşhane, 29100 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-1726
Osman AKMEŞE Gümüshane University, Central Research Laboratory, Gumushanevi Campus, Baglarbasi Neighborhood, Gümüshane, 29100 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-8324
Abdurrahman SEFALI Bayburt University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, Dede Korkut Campus, Gençosman Neighborhood, Bayburt, 69100 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-0857
Cemalettin BALTACI Gümüşhane University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Gumushanevi Campus, Baglarbasi Neighborhood, Gümüşhane, 29100 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-4002
Mehmet ÖZ Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Gumushanevi Campus, Baglarbasi Neighborhood, Gümüşhane, 29100 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-4476
Muhammed Said FIDAN Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Mimar Sinan Campus, Mimar Sinan Neighborhood, Bursa, 16310 (TR) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-6299

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53414819

Keywords:

antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, Gelasia sericea, methanolic extract, phenolic compounds

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory properties of the methanolic extract of Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian. The extract demonstrated a moderate yield (6.55 g/100 g dry plant material) and was found to be rich in phenolic acids, particularly ferulic acid (17182.97 µg g^-1), followed by caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Antioxidant analyses revealed high total phenolic (388.86 mg GA eq./100 g), total flavonoid (74.03 mg QE eq./100 g), and total antioxidant capacity (503.33 mg AA eq./100 g). The extract exhibited remarkable ABTS radical scavenging activity (95.99%, IC₅₀ = 37.59 mg ml^-1) and considerable ferric-ion reducing power (974.78 mg FeSO₄ eq./100 g). Antimicrobial assays indicated moderate inhibitory effects, with stronger activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and the yeast Candida albicans, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible. The extract’s MIC values ranged between 0.20-3.25 mg ml^-1, and MLC values between 0.41-6.50 mg ml^-1, which were higher than those of standard antibiotics. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed moderate activity against carbonic anhydrase II (IC₅₀ = 0.0136 μg ml^-1) and weak inhibition of cholinesterases and α-glucosidase, while α-amylase inhibition was relatively more pronounced (IC₅₀ = 13350.00 μg ml^-1). Overall, these findings highlight G. sericea as a valuable natural source of phenolic acids and antioxidants, with promising potential for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals. However, the relatively limited antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities suggest the need for further studies on bioavailability, in vivo efficacy, and compound isolation to optimize its practical applications.

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