Impact of thermal processing and solvent extraction on antioxidants in Orobanche coerulescens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53414846Keywords:
bioactive components, extraction concentration, flavonoids; parasitic plants, phenolic acidAbstract
Orobanche coerulescens traditionally used in herbal medicine and as a nutraceutical, contains important antioxidant compounds. However, the antioxidant profile of O. coerulescens and the process conditions that maximize its antioxidant potential have never been systematically evaluated. This study provides the comprehensive assessment of how thermal processing combined with a range of organic solvent concentrations influences the antioxidant contents and activities of O. coerulescens. Initial screening showed that samples dried at 80 °C and extracted with 95% methanol exhibited the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability and reducing power, as well as elevated total flavonoid (TF) and total phenol (TP) contents, compared with samples dried at 40 °C and 60 °C. This identified 80 °C as the optimal drying temperature for enhancing antioxidant properties. Further comparisons of extraction methods revealed that combining 80 °C drying with 40% methanol or ethanol significantly increased DPPH scavenging, while 60% methanol or ethanol under the same drying temperature enhanced reducing power relative to other solvent concentrations and aqueous water-bath treatments. These findings indicate that optimized thermal and solvent conditions improve the antioxidant profile of O. coerulescens for its potential as a valuable natural antioxidant source. Future work should investigate the protective, inhibitory, and functional effects of these optimized extracts in animal models to verify their in vivo bioactivities.
References
Alothman M, Bhat R, Karim AA (2009). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry 115(3):785-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.005
Anusmitha KM, Aruna M, Job JT, Narayanankutty A, Benil PB, Rajagopal R, ... Barcelo D (2022) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-genotoxic, and anticancer activities of different Ocimum plant extracts prepared by ultrasound-assisted method. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 117:101746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101746
Beecher GR (2003). Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake. Journal of Nutrition 133(10):3248S-3254S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.10.3248S
Beganovic S, Wittmann C (2024). Medical properties, market potential, and microbial production of the golden polyketide curcumin for food, biomedical, and cosmetic applications. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 87:103112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103112
Brewer M (2011). Natural antioxidants: sources, compounds, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 10:221-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00156.x
Chen ML, Yang DJ, Liu SC (2011). Effects of drying temperature on the flavonoid, phenolic acid and antioxidative capacities of the methanol extract of citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peels. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 46:1179-1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02605.x
Farombi EO, Hansen M, Ravn-Haren G, Moller P, Dragsted LO (2004). Commonly consumed and naturally occurring dietary substances affect biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in healthy rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 42:1315-1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.009
Gao W, Wang YS, Qu ZY, Hwang E, Ngo HTT, Wang YP, ... Yi TH (2018). Orobanche cernua Loefling attenuates ultraviolet b-mediated photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Photochemistry and Photobiology 94:733-743. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12908
Genovese C, Acquaviva R, Ronsisvalle S, Tempera G, Malfa GA, D’Angeli F, ... Nicolosi D (2020). In vitro evaluation of biological activities of Orobanche crenata Forssk. leaves extract. Natural Product Research 34(22):3234-3238. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1552697
Genovese C, Garozzo A, D’Angeli F, Malfa GA, Bellia F, Tomasello B, ... Acquaviva R (2022). Orobanche crenata Forssk. extract affects human breast cancer cell MCF-7 survival and viral replication. Cells 11:1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101696
Hamid S, Oukil NF, Moussa H, Djihad N, Mróz M, Kusznierewicz B, ... Chebrouk F (2024) Chemical and biological characterization of Ocimum basilicum L. phenolic extract and essential oil derived through ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction techniques. Food Bioscience 60:104359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104359
Hegazy MGA, Imam AM, Abdelghany BE (2020). Evaluation of cytotoxic and anticancer effect of Orobanche crenata methanolic extract on cancer cell lines. Tumor Biology 2020:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428320918685
Jedrejek D, Pawelec S, Piwowarczyk R, Pecio Ł, Stochmal A (2020). Identification and occurrence of phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides in six Polish broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp., Orobanchaceae). Phytochemistry 170:112189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112189
Jiang N, Doseff AI, Grotewold E (2016). Flavones: from biosynthesis to health benefits. Plants 5:27. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants5020027
Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ (2006). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry 97:109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.032
Lezoul NEH, Belkadi M, Habibi F, Guillén F (2020). Extraction processes with several solvents on total bioactive compounds in different organs of three medicinal plants. Molecules 25:4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204672
Liu YH, Li ML, Hsu MY (2012). Effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, Guan-Jen-Huang (Aeginetia indica Linn.), on renal cancer cell growth and metastasis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012:935860. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/935860
Loganayaki N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S (2011). Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of phenolic extracts from Helicteres isora L. and Ceiba pentandra L. Journal of Food Science and Technology 50(4):687-695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0389-x
Maillard MN, Berset C, Berset C (1996). Antioxidant activity of barley and malt: relationship with phenolic content. LWT-Food Science and Technology 29(3):238-244. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1996.0035
Miranda-Vilela AL, Resck IS, Grisolia CK (2008). Antigenotoxic activity and antioxidant properties of organic and aqueous extracts of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp. Genetics and Molecular Biology 31(9):956-963. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572008000500025
Nguyen HC, Nguyen HNT, Huang MY, Lin KH, Pham DC, Tran YB, Su CH (2021). Optimization of aqueous enzyme-assisted extraction of rosmarinic acid from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves and the antioxidant activity of the extract. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 45:e15221. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15221
Nickrent DL (2020). Parasitic angiosperms: how often and how many? Taxon 69:5-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12195
Oyaizu M (1988). Antioxidative activities of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Sciences 35:771-775. https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.35.11_771
Papoutsis K, Pratsinis H, Kallis M, Kypriotakis Z, Magiatis P, Melliou E, Skaltsounis AL (2017). Effect of vacuum-drying, hot air-drying and freeze-drying on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus limon) pomace aqueous extracts. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(4):880-887. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13351
Qu ZY, Jin YP, Zhang YW, Wang ZS (2018). Research advances on chemical constituents, bioactivities and clinical application of medicinal plants in Orobanche. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 24:209-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.2018010209
Rafid MM, Al-Khesraji TO (2024). Study of preliminary qualitative screening and evaluation of alkaloids and flavonoids compounds of some Orobanche species growing in Iraq. Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 6(2):169-179. https://doi.org/10.54153/sjpas.2024.v6i2.698
Ramírez-Godínez J, Jaimez-Ordaz J, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Salazar-Pereda V, González-Olivares LG, Contreras-López E (2017). Optimization of physical conditions for the aqueous extraction of antioxidant compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale) applying a Box-Behnken design. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht) 72:34-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0582-1
Sarkar A, Hossain MW, Alam M, Biswas R, Roy M, Haque MI (2023). Drying conditions and varietal impacts on physicochemical, antioxidant and functional properties of onion powder. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 12:100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100578
Scharenberg F, Zidorn C (2018). Genuine and sequestered natural products from the genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae, Lamiales). Molecules 23(11):2821. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112821
Shi R, Zhang C, Gong X, Yang M, Ji M, Jiang L, ... Li M (2020). The genus Orobanche as food and medicine: an ethnopharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 263:113-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113154
Shimada K, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, Nakamura T (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40(6):945-948. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00018a005
Singleton VL, Rossi JA (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 16(3):144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
Tang ELH, Rajarajeswaran J, Fung SY, Kanthimathi MS (2013). Antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum and protection against DNA damage and cancer cell migration. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13:347. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-347
Tomsone L, Kruma Z, Galoburda R (2012). Comparison of different solvents and extraction methods for isolation of phenolic compounds from horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana). International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering 6(4):236-241. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1071162
Yu YP, Lin KH, Shih MC, Chen CL, Lee MT, Lu CP (2023). Optimization of aqueous extraction of antioxidants from Chrysanthemum (C. morifolium Ramat and C. indicum L.) flowers and evaluation of their protection from glycoxidation damage on human αA-crystallins. Experimental Eye Research 235:109629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2023.109629
Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry 64(4):555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yu-Chin TSAI, Kuan-Hung LIN, Nguyen Minh Thu LE, Mei-Yun CHANG, Wang-Ping KO, Hsin-Yi LAI, Hoang Chinh NGUYEN, Zhao-Min HUANG, Jui-Jen CHANG, Meng-Yuan HUANG
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License:
Open Access Journal:
The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restriction. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
.png)
